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Bone is a dense and hard connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of humans, animals, and other vertebrates. It has a high mineral content and consists of living cells that are supported by a mineralised organic matrix. In humans, bones are joined together by muscles, ligaments, and tendons and form the complex structure of the body. Bones provide support, protection, and movement.
Bone is most commonly used in orthopedic surgery to treat fractures, joint replacement, joint trauma, and other conditions. It is also used in reconstructive and cosmetic procedures such as rhinoplasty and cleft palate surgery. Bone tissue can also be used to replace diseased tissues or to generate new bone.
Most of the bone in the body is found in the skull, spine, ribs, and long bones of the arms and legs. Smaller bones are found in the wrists, ankles, and other areas. Bones also contain marrow which produces red and white blood cells.
Other tissues that are similar to bone include cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.
Cartilage: Cartilage is a supportive connective tissue that is present throughout the body, including the joints. It is composed of a protein called collagen and contains a gel-like substance made up of hyaluronic acid. Cartilage provides a cushion between bones and allows for smooth joint movement.
Ligaments: Ligaments are strong bands of tissue that connect bones and joints together. They provide stability and support to the joints and allow for smooth movement.
Tendons: Tendons are strong, flexible, fibrous tissues that connect muscle to bone. They are made up of collagen and are able to withstand tension and strain. Tendons help to transfer energy from the muscle to the bone, allowing for muscle contraction and movement.
